Bhavana (actress)

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Bhavana
Born	Karthika Menon[1] 6 June 1986 (age 27) Thrissur, Kerala, India
Other names	Kaathi
Occupation	Actress
Years active	2002–present

Karthika Menon (born 6 June 1986), better known by her stage name Bhavana, is an Indian film actress from Thrissur, Kerala, who works in theSouth Indian film industry. She made her acting debut in Kamal's Nammal (2002), which won her critical acclaim and various honors. In a career spanning over a decade, she has appeared in over sixty films and won two Kerala State Film Awards.

Early life[edit]

Bhavana was born Karthika Menon^[2] in Perinkavu, Thrissur, Kerala, the daughter of Pushpa and assistant cinematographer, G.Balachandra Menon. She has one brother, Jayadev, who currently lives in Vancouver, Canada.^[3] She studied at Holy Family Girls' High School, Chembukkavu, near Kerala state zoo Thrissur. Bhavana, who describes herself as a restless and a confused person and someone who's "hard to handle", states that she had grown up with a dream to become an actress.^[4] She recalls that, as a five-year-old, she used to imitate actress Amala's scenes from the Malayalam film Ente Sooryaputhrikku in front of the mirror and was even willing to jump from a building and break her arm, like Amala's character did in the film.^[4]

Other works

She is the brand ambassador along with actress Mythili for team Kerala Strikers for the Celebrity Cricket League (CCL), captained by Mohanlal, who is also one of the owners of the team, and vice-captain Indrajith.She has acted in many advertisements

Career

She has been doing glamorous roles since 2008.^[7]At age 16,^[4] she debuted in the Malayalam film Nammal opposite newcomers Siddharth, Jishnu,^[5] and Renuka Menon. The film was a big success and she got several offers in Malayalam. She won many honors and a Kerala State Special Jury Award for the film. Bhavana was an 11th standard student when she got her break in films. She has acted with almost all actors in Malayalam cinema. She has got many offers lined up in Tamil and did many projects with famous Tamil actors like Ajith Kumar, Madhavan, Jayam Ravi, Bharath, Jiiva and Srikanth.^[6]

In 2010, she starred in her first Kannada film alongside Puneeth Rajkumar acted in Jackie which was a blockbuster. Following the film's huge success, the film was dubbed into Telugu and Malayalam.^[8] Bhavana was said to star with Emraan Hashmi and Amitabh Bachchan in an upcoming Bollywoodfilm.^[9] Her second Kannada film Only Vishnuvardhana with Sudeep opened to a big response.^[10] In 2012, Bhavana appeared in the Malayalam filmsOzhimuri and Trivandrum Lodge. In 2013, Bhavana appeared in the Malayalam films Honey bee and Ezhamathe Varavu.

Kavya Madhavan

Kavya Madhavan
Born	Kavya Madhavan 19 September 1984 (age 29) Nileshwaram, Kasargod, Kerala, India
Residence	Thammanam, Kochi, Kerala, India
Nationality	Indian
Other names	Meenu, Karthika,Kunji
Ethnicity	Malayali
Citizenship	India
Occupation	Film actress
Years active	1991 – present
Spouse(s)	Nishal Chandra (Divorced)

Kavya Madhavan is an Indian film actress who works in Malayalam cinema. She made her debut in Pookkalam Varavayi (1991) as a child artist. As a heroine Kavya's debut film was Lal Jose's Chandranudikkunna Dikhil (1999) while she was in the ninth standard. It was a super hit and from then on there was no looking back. She won the Kerala State Film Award for Best actress twice, for her performances in the films Perumazhakkalam (2004) and Gaddama (2010).^[1]

Background[edit]

Kavya was born on 19 September 1984 in the village of Nileshwaram in Kasargod district, Kerala, India, to P. Madhavan and Shyamala. She attended Nileswaram GLP School and entered the film industry as a child artist. She learned dancing during her school days and participated in competitions. She was a Kalathilakam in a Sub District Schools Youth Festival.^[2] She currently resides in DD Village, Thammanam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.^[3]

She completed her schooling in National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS).^[4]

Movie career[edit]

She first appeared as a child actor in Kamal's film Pookkalam Varavayi (1991), she was just 7 years of age when she acted in the movie. Her talent was soon recognised, and she was offered other projects such as Pavam IA Ivachan (1994) and Azhakiya Ravanan (1996). It was Azhakiya Ravanan directed by Kamal which got her got more public attention. She did a lot of movies after that mostly as a child actor.

She was offered the female lead in Chandranudikkunna Dikhil (1999) which was also first movie by director Lal Jose who also assisted Kamal in Azhakiya Ravanan. She was in ninth standard when she did the movie.^[5] The movie was an instant hit due to the versatile cast, music and story narration and brought both Kavya and Dileep into the limelight.^[5]

After her leading role, she became popular in the Malayalam film industry. It has been claimed^{[by whom?]} that she was the busiest female actress in Malayalam. She is also a trained dancer and has won many awards and accolades.^{[citation needed]}

After the success of Chandranudikkunna Dikhil, Kavya and Dileep become very popular pairing Malayalam cinema, producing several big hits and the pair went on to do 18 movies together.^[6]Some of their popular movies include Thenkasipattanam (2000), Darling Darling (2000), Meesa Madhavan (2002) which was one of biggest grosser of the year and was directed by Lal Jose, Mizhi Randilum (2003) in which she played a double role, Sadanandante Samayam (2003), Thilakkam (2003)directed by Jayaraj, Runway (2004) directed by Joshiy, Kochi Rajavu(2005), Lion (2006) again directed by Joshiy, Chakkara Muthu (2006), Inspector Garud (2007), Paappi Appacha (2010), Vellaripravinte Changathi (2011). Most of their movies were in the romantic comedy genre.

Soon after the divorce with Nishal went on act with her most successful partner onscreen Dileep for Pappy Appacha.^[7] Later on she acted in many movies with veteran Superstars of Malayalam cinema such Mammootty and Mohanlal. She also acted in multi-starrer movies like Christian Brothers and China Town.

She got critical acclaim for her performance of the role of Ganga in Perumazhakkalam for which she won 2004 Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress and for the role of Ashwati in Gaddama for the role of house maid working in Saudi Arabia. The movie was based on a feature by K. U. Iqbal, published in Bhashaposhini.^[8] The movie was directed by her mentor Kamal and she got her second Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for 2011. She also won 2011 Kerala Film Critics Awards for Best Actress, Amrita-FEFKA Film Awards for Best Actress, Best Actress-Malayalam cinema in Filmfare Awards South and Best Actress in Thikkurissy Foundation Awards.^[9] She was also nominated in National film award for Best Actress but lost out in the final round. She also was cast in Adoor Gopalakrishnan movie Naalu Pennungal in which she played a supporting role.

Though she had many offers from Tamil cinema, she was very reluctant to act due to her busy schedule in Malayalam. Her first was Kasi (2001) which was the remake of Vinayans Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum. She went on to act in En Mana Vaanil and Sadhu Miranda and enjoyed moderate success.

She wrote lyrics for the song "En Khalbillulloru Pennaanu" for the film One Way Ticket.^[10] She sang her first movie song for the Malayalam film Matinee (2012).^[11]

Personal life

She married Nischal Chandra on 5 February 2009 at Kollur Mookambika Temple.^[12] After the marriage she went to Kuwait to stay with her husband.^[13] However, she returned home in June the same year and did not go back thereafter. She filed a divorce petition with the Family Court at Ernakulam on 24 July 2010.^[12][14] Kavya and Nischal had appeared before the Ernakulam Family Court on 25 May 2011 and expressed their willingness for a mutual divorce. She was granted divorce by court on 30 May 2011

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Politics of India

Politics in India (Hindi:भारतीय राजनीति) takes place within the framework of a constitution. India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic in which the President of India is head of state and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. Nominally, executive power is exercised by the president and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the Parliament of India, theLok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Federal and state elections generally take place within a multi-party system, although this is not enshrined in law. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, the highest national court being the Supreme Court of India. India is the world's largest democracy in terms of citizenry.

India is as a nation has been labelled as a "sovereign socialist secular democratic republic" which is "egalitariansecular". Like the United States, India has had a federal form of government since it adopted its constitution. However, the central government in India has greater power in relation to its states, and its central government is patterned after the British parliamentary system. The central government has the power to dismiss state governments under specific constitutional clauses or in case no majority party or coalition is able to form a government. The central government can also impose direct federal rule known as president's rule (or central rule). Locally, the Panchayati Rajsystem has several administrative functions and authorities.

For most of the years since independence, the federal government has been led by the Indian National Congress (INC).^[1] The two largest political parties have been the INC and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Although the two parties have dominated Indian politics, regional parties also exist. From 1950 to 1990, barring two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a parliamentary majority. The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when the Janata Party won the election due to public discontent with the promulgation of emergency by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1975. In 1989, a Janata Dal-led National Front coalition, in alliance with the Left Front coalition, won the elections but managed to stay in power for only two years.^[2]

As the 1991 elections gave no political party a majority, the INC formed a minority government under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and was able to complete its five-year term.^[3] The years 1996–1998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government with several short-lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996, followed by the United Front coalition that excluded both the BJP and the INC. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) with several other parties and became the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term.^[4] In the 2004 elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various parties.^[5] In the 2009 Lok Sabha elections, the INC won with a majority of more than 200 seats and formed the government by creating a coalition with other parties which were willing to form alliance with it.

Indian democracy has been suspended once.^[6] Nevertheless, Indian politics is often described^{[by whom?]} as chaotic. More than a fifth of parliament members face some criminal charges and around 40 of them are accused with serious criminal charges.

Political parties and long elections

 Summary of the 2009 April/May Lok Sabha election results of India

Alliances	Party	Seats won	Change	Popular Vote	Vote %	Swing
United Progressive Alliance Seats: 262 Seat Change: +80 Popular Vote: 153,482,356 Popular Vote %: 37.22% Swing: +3.96%	Indian National Congress	206	+61	119,110,776	28.55%	+2.02%
	All India Trinamool Congress	19	+17	13,355,986	3.20%	+1.13%
	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	18	+2	7,625,397	1.83%	+0.02%
	Nationalist Congress Party	9	—	8,521,349	2.04%	+0.24%
	National Conference	3	+1	498,374	0.55%	+0.42%
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	2	−3	1,665,173	0.40%	-0.07%
	Indian Union Muslim League	2	+1	877,503	0.21%	+0.01%
	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	1	+1	735,847	0.18%	+0.18%
	Kerala Congress (Mani)	1	+1	404,962	0.10%	+0.05%
	All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen	1	—	308,061	0.07%	-0.04%
	Republican Party of India (Athvale)	—	−1	378,928	0.09%	—
National Democratic Alliance Seats: 159 Seat Change: −17 Popular Vote: 102,689,312 Popular Vote %: 24.63% Swing: -4.88%	Bharatiya Janata Party	116	−22	78,435,538	18.80%	-3.36%
	Janata Dal (United)	20	+12	6,331,079	1.52%	-0.83%
	Shiv Sena	11	−1	6,454,850	1.55%	-0.26%
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	5	+2	1,821,054	0.44%	-0.19%
	Shiromani Akali Dal	4	−4	4,004,789	0.96%	+0.06%
	Telangana Rashtra Samithi	2	−3	2,582,326	0.62%	-0.01%
	Asom Gana Parishad	1	−1	1,773,103	0.43%	-0.10%
	Indian National Lok Dal	—	—	1,286,573	0.31%	-0.19%
Third Front Seats: 79 Seat Change: −30 Popular Vote: 88,174,229 Popular Vote %: 21.15% Swing: -1.06%	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	16	−27	22,219,111	5.33%	-0.33%
	Communist Party of India	4	−6	5,951,888	1.43%	+0.02%
	Revolutionary Socialist Party	2	-1	1,573,650	0.37%	-0.06%
	All India Forward Bloc	2	-1	1,345,803	0.32%	-0.03%
	Bahujan Samaj Party	21	+2	25,728,889	6.17%	+0.84%
	Biju Janata Dal	14	+3	6,612,552	1.59%	+0.29%
	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	9	+9	6,953,591	1.67%	-0.52%
	Telugu Desam Party	6	+1	10,481,348	2.51%	-0.53%
	Janata Dal (Secular)	3	−1	3,434,082	0.82%	-0.65%
	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	1	−3	1,112,908	0.27%	-0.16%
	Haryana Janhit Congress	1	+1	816,395	0.20%	+0.20%
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	—	−6	1,944,619	0.47%	-0.09%
Fourth Front Seats: 27 Seat Change: -37 Popular Vote: 21,456,117 Popular Vote %: 5.14% Swing: -2.30%
	Samajwadi Party	23	−13	14,284,638	3.42%	-0.90%
	Rashtriya Janata Dal	4	−20	5,279,059	1.27%	-1.14%
	Lok Janshakti Party	—	−4	1,892,420	0.45%	-0.26%
Other Parties and Independents Seats: 16 Seat Change: +9 Popular Vote: 27,146,939 Popular Vote %: 6.51% Swing: +2.04%	Assam United Democratic Front	1	+1	2,184,556	0.52%	+0.52%
	Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)	1	+1	963,274	0.23%	+0.23%
	Nagaland People's Front	1	—	832,224	0.20%	+0.02%
	Bodoland People's Front	1	+1	656,430	0.16%	+0.16%
	Swabhimani Paksha	1	+1	481,025	0.12%	+0.12%
	Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi	1	+1	223,234	0.05%	+0.05%
	Sikkim Democratic Front	1	—	159,351	0.04%	—
	Independents	9	+4	21,646,845	5.19%	+0.94%
Total	364 Political Parties	543	—	417,156,494	—

Role of political parties

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As with any other democracy, political parties represent different sections among the Indian society and regions, and their core values play a major role in the politics of India. Both the executive branch and the legislative branch of the government are run by the representatives of the political parties who have been elected through the elections. Through the electoral process, the people of India choose which representative and which political party should run the government. Through the elections any party may gain simple majority in the lower house. Coalitions are formed by the political parties, in case no single party gains a simple majority in the lower house. Unless a party or a coalition have a majority in the lower house, a government cannot be formed by that party or the coalition.

Indian state governments led by various political parties as of March 2009.

India has a multi-party system, where there are a number of national as well as regional parties. A regional party may gain a majority and rule a particular state. If a party is represented in more than 4 states, it would be labelled a national party. Out of the 64 years of India's independence, India has been ruled by the Indian National Congress (INC) for 51 of those years.

The party enjoyed a parliamentary majority save for two brief periods during the 1970s and late 1980s. This rule was interrupted between 1977 to 1980, when the Janata Party coalition won the election owing to public discontent with the controversial state of emergency declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Janata Dal won elections in 1989, but its government managed to hold on to power for only two years.

Between 1996 and 1998, there was a period of political flux with the government being formed first by the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) followed by a left-leaning United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance with smaller regional parties, and became the first non-INC and coalition government to complete a full five-year term. The 2004 Indian elections saw the INC winning the largest number of seats to form a government leading the United Progressive Alliance, and supported by left-parties and those opposed to the BJP.

On 22 May 2004, Manmohan Singh was appointed the Prime Minister of India following the victory of the INC & the left front in the 2004 Lok Sabha election. The UPA now rules India without the support of the left front. Previously, Atal Bihari Vajpayee had taken office in October 1999 after a general election in which a BJP-led coalition of 13 parties called the National Democratic Alliance emerged with a majority.

Formation of coalition governments reflects the transition in Indian politics away from the national parties toward smaller, more narrowly based regional parties. Some regional parties, especially in South India, are deeply aligned to the ideologies of the region unlike the national parties and thus the relationship between the central government and the state government in various states has not always been free of rancor. Disparity between the ideologies of the political parties ruling the centre and the state leads to severely skewed allocation of resources between the states.